Biography
Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born October 4, 1822. He served as a Union Army officer during the Civil War, rising to the rank of major general and being wounded in combat multiple times, before entering politics as a U.S. Representative and then Governor of Ohio for three terms. He won the presidency in 1876 in one of the most disputed elections in American history, with the outcome hinging on contested results in several Southern states; a compromise ultimately awarded him the presidency in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction. His single term (1877β1881) focused on civil service reform and restoring stability to a divided nation, and he kept an earlier pledge not to seek re-election, retiring from politics afterward.