Ratified December 15, 1791
A cluster of protections for anyone accused of a crime: a grand jury must indict for serious federal crimes, no one can be tried twice for the same offense ("double jeopardy"), no one can be forced to testify against themselves ("pleading the Fifth"), and no one can be deprived of "life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." It also requires "just compensation" when the government takes private property (eminent domain).
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.